October 1, 2025

Microplastics and Cancer: What Emerging Research Reveals

Plastic has become part of our daily lives. It’s in everything from packaging to clothing, but it’s also making its way into something we never expected: our bodies. Tiny plastic particles, called microplastics, have been found in the food we eat, the water we drink, and even the air we breathe.

This has raised a big question for researchers and the public alike: do microplastics cause cancer? In particular, scientists are exploring a possible link between microplastics and cancer in the digestive tract, especially colorectal cancer. The concern is growing because cases of colorectal cancer in younger adults are on the rise, and environmental factors may be playing a role.

Here at AL Colon & Rectal Institute in Birmingham, we believe patients deserve clear, up-to-date information about emerging health risks. Let’s take a closer look at what microplastics are, how they might affect the body, and steps you can take to protect your colorectal health.

What Exactly Are Microplastics?

Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size and small enough to be invisible to the naked eye. They come from many sources:

• Breakdown of larger plastic items like bottles, containers, and packaging.
• Synthetic fabrics such as polyester, nylon, and acrylic that shed fibers during washing.
• Industrial processes that release particles into the air and water.
• Personal care products that once used plastic beads (now banned in the U.S. and other countries)

These particles are so tiny that they can be inhaled, swallowed, or, in some cases, absorbed through the skin. And because plastic doesn’t break down easily, they can remain in the body for long periods.

Why Microplastics May Be Harmful

Plastics are made with synthetic polymers and often include chemicals such as BPA (bisphenol A), phthalates, and flame retardants. Some of these chemicals are known to disrupt hormones or damage DNA, which raises concerns about long-term health risks.

When microplastics enter the digestive system, studies suggest they may:

• Cause inflammation in the gut lining.
• Release chemicals that damage cells.
• Alter the gut microbiome, which supports digestion and immune health.
• Interfere with nutrient absorption.

These effects can create an environment in the body where diseases, including cancer, are more likely to develop over time.

What Research Says About Microplastics and Colorectal Cancer

While we don’t yet have definitive proof that microplastics cause colorectal cancer, early findings are prompting serious discussion in the medical community.

• Microplastics have been found in human colon tissue. A 2025 study detected plastic particles in more than half of colon samples examined.
  
  
• Patients with colorectal cancer may have higher levels. Some studies show that people with colorectal cancer had greater concentrations of microplastics compared to those without cancer.
  
  
• Animal studies link microplastics to cell damage. Research on mice has shown DNA damage, inflammation, and changes in gut bacteria after microplastic exposure; all of which can contribute to cancer development.
  
  

Scientists agree that more research is needed, but the patterns we’re seeing are cause for caution.

Why Younger Adults Might Face Higher Risk

Colorectal cancer used to be far more common in people over 50. Now, more people in their 20s, 30s, and 40s are being diagnosed. Researchers believe multiple factors are involved, but exposure to microplastics could be one piece of the puzzle.

Younger generations have been surrounded by plastic products their entire lives. That means longer and earlier exposure to microplastics, often combined with diets high in processed foods, which frequently come packaged in plastic. This combination may increase the amount of plastic particles entering the body over time.

Other possible factors include:

• Greater exposure to chemicals that can disrupt hormones.
• More frequent use of single-use plastics for food storage and beverages.
• Modern lifestyle habits that may negatively affect gut health.
  
  

How to Reduce Your Microplastic Exposure

We can’t completely avoid microplastics, but small changes can make a difference:

• Choose alternative food storage options. Glass, stainless steel, and ceramic are better than plastic containers.
• Avoid heating food in plastic. Heat increases the release of harmful chemicals.
• Filter your water. Some home water filters can reduce microplastic levels.
• Cut back on processed foods. Fresh foods generally have lower microplastic contamination.
• Wash synthetic fabrics less often. Use a microfiber-catching laundry bag when you do.
  
  
  

Protecting Your Colorectal Health

Even while research into microplastics and cancer continues, you can take proven steps to lower your colorectal cancer risk:

• Eat a diet high in fiber from vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
• Stay physically active to support digestion and circulation.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol.
• Know your family history and share it with your doctor.
• Get regular colorectal cancer screenings starting at age 45, or earlier if you have risk factors.

Screenings, such as colonoscopies, remain one of the most effective ways to catch colorectal cancer early, when treatment is most successful.

The Bottom Line

Right now, we can’t say with certainty that microplastics cause colorectal cancer. But the evidence pointing to a possible connection between microplastics and cancer is growing. The safest approach is to limit your exposure wherever possible and stay proactive about your health.

At AL Colon & Rectal Institute in Birmingham, we provide expert screening, diagnosis, and treatment for colorectal cancer. If you have concerns about your risk from microplastics or any other factor, we’re here to guide you toward the right preventive steps.

Schedule your appointment today to protect your colorectal health and stay informed about emerging risks.

Schedule Your Colon Cancer Screening in Birmingham at the Alabama Colon & Rectal Institute  

Your health is too important to leave to chance. At AL Colon & Rectal Institute in Birmingham, our expert team provides advanced screening, diagnosis, and treatment to help protect against colorectal cancer and other digestive health concerns. Schedule your appointment today and take a proactive step toward a healthier future.

Contact us today online or by calling (205) 458-5000 to schedule a consultation and explore the best treatment options for your specific needs.