Prioritizing Prevention: Understanding Colorectal Cancer Screening Tests
December 21, 2024
Colorectal cancer is a serious disease that affects the colon and rectum, which are part of the digestive system. It is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The good news is that with proper screening, colorectal cancer can be detected early when it is most treatable. Screening tests can help identify abnormalities in the colon and rectum before they develop into cancer or detect cancer in its early stages when treatment is more effective.
Today the AL Colon & Rectal Institute will explore why screening tests are so important and the various types of tests that patients may undergo.
What Are Screening Tests?
Screening tests are medical tests performed on individuals who do not have any symptoms of a particular disease but are at risk of developing it. The goal of screening is to detect diseases at an early stage when they are more likely to be treatable. In the case of colorectal cancer, screening tests can identify precancerous growths called polyps, which can be removed before they turn into cancer.
Who Should Get Screened for Colorectal Diseases?
Colorectal cancer screening is recommended for both men and women starting at the age of 45 or earlier if they have certain risk factors such as a family history of colorectal cancer or a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease. It is important to note that individuals with a higher risk may need to start screening at an earlier age and undergo more frequent screening.
Types of Screening Tests
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening. It involves the use of a long, flexible tube with a camera at the tip, called a colonoscope, to examine the entire length of the colon and rectum. During the procedure, any polyps or abnormal tissue can be removed or biopsied for further examination. A colonoscopy is typically performed under sedation to ensure patient comfort.
Transrectal Ultrasound
Physicians use transrectal ultrasounds, also called TRUS, to create images of the rectum, its wall, and the surrounding tissues. The process uses sound waves that travel through the body to create an accurate picture of the area of concern. This procedure allows doctors to gather information and identify medical issues that can be both minor and life-threatening.
Stool Tests
Stool tests, also known as fecal tests, are non-invasive tests that can be done at home. They involve collecting a small sample of stool and sending it to a laboratory for analysis. There are different types of stool tests available for colorectal cancer screening, including the fecal occult blood test (FOBT), fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and stool DNA test. These tests detect the presence of blood or genetic abnormalities in the stool, which may indicate the presence of polyps or cancer.
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Flexible sigmoidoscopy is similar to colonoscopy but focuses on examining only the lower part of the colon and rectum. It involves the use of a flexible tube with a camera, called a sigmoidoscope, which is inserted through the anus. Like colonoscopy, any abnormalities can be removed or biopsied during the procedure.
Virtual Colonoscopy
Virtual colonoscopy, also known as CT colonography, is a non-invasive imaging test that uses a CT scanner to create detailed images of the colon and rectum. It does not require the insertion of a scope into the body but still allows for the detection of polyps or tumors. If any abnormalities are found, a traditional colonoscopy may be recommended for further evaluation or treatment.
How to Prepare for a Screening Test
The preparation for colorectal cancer screening tests varies depending on the type of test. A colonoscopy typically requires a day or two of dietary restrictions, including a clear liquid diet and laxatives to cleanse the colon.
Stool tests usually require avoiding certain foods and medications that could interfere with the test results. It is important to follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider to ensure accurate and reliable results.
The Importance of Early Screening
Early screening for colorectal cancer is crucial because it can prevent the development of cancer or detect it at an early, more treatable stage. Regular screening can significantly reduce the risk of dying from colorectal cancer by detecting and removing precancerous polyps before they become cancerous or detecting cancer in its early stages when it has not spread to other parts of the body. It is recommended that individuals at average risk start screening at the age of 50 and continue at regular intervals as advised by their healthcare provider.
For your next colonoscopy, visit us at The Butt Hutt at the Alabama Colon & Rectal Institute in Birmingham, AL. We offer empathetic and effective screening tests and always treat our patients like family.
Visit the Alabama Colon & Rectal Institute in Birmingham, AL, for your next Colonoscopy
When it comes to your colon and rectal health, the Alabama Colon & Rectal Institute in Birmingham, AL, is your go-to destination for comprehensive and compassionate care. Boasting a team of highly-trained and board-certified colorectal surgeons, we offer top-notch colonoscopy services aimed at early detection and prevention of colorectal diseases. With a focus on patient comfort and safety, their advanced diagnostic and treatment options, including minimally invasive surgical techniques, make them a trusted choice for individuals seeking colon and rectal health services.
Contact us today online or by calling (205) 458-5000 to schedule a consultation and explore the best treatment options for your specific needs.