What is a Proctologist? Their Role & When to See a "Butt Doctor"
July 11, 2025
When things go wrong downstairs, it can be embarrassing and uncomfortable to talk about; that’s where Proctologists come in. Proctologists are now commonly referred to as colorectal surgeons or colorectal specialists, reflecting their expanded scope of practice and expertise in colorectal health. Proctology is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions related to the rectum, anus, and lower gastrointestinal tract. Colorectal specialists are trained to diagnose and treat a wide range of colorectal diseases, not just issues of the rectum and anus. A colon and rectal surgeon plays a crucial role in diagnosing and treating various conditions affecting the large intestine and rectum, including cancer, constipation, and incontinence. They also emphasize the importance of patients consulting with these specialists for comprehensive evaluations and discuss the necessary preparations for appointments and procedures.
Today, the Alabama Colon & Rectal Institute will explore what a Proctologist does and why they’re so important for digestive and overall well-being.
What is a Proctologist?
A proctologist, a colorectal surgeon, or a colon and rectal specialist is a medical professional. Colon and rectal surgeons specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the large intestine, rectum, and anus, performing surgeries, endoscopies, and routine screenings. Proctologists treat conditions such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, rectal prolapse, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease.
These specialists possess a deep understanding of the complex anatomy and functions of the pelvic region, allowing them to treat conditions affecting the large intestine, rectum, and anus and provide specialized care for a wide range of issues.
Education & Training of Proctologists
Proctologists undergo extensive education and training to become experts in their field. They typically complete a four-year medical school program and a general surgery residency.
After this, they undergo specialized training in colon and rectal surgery, which can take an additional 1-2 years. Extensive training ensures that proctologists have the knowledge and skills to provide comprehensive and effective patient care.
Conditions & Diseases Treated by Proctologists
Proctologists diagnose and treat a variety of conditions affecting the lower digestive tract and GI tract, including the rectum, anus, and related structures. Some of the common conditions they encounter include:
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Hemorrhoids: Swollen and inflamed veins in the anal canal or lower rectum, which can cause pain, bleeding, and discomfort.
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Anal fissures: Small tears or cracks in the skin around the anal canal, leading to pain and bleeding during bowel movements.
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Rectal prolapse: A condition where the rectum protrudes through the anus, often causing discomfort and difficulty with bowel movements.
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Anal fistulas: Abnormal connections or tunnels between the anal canal and the skin around it, which can lead to recurrent infections and abscesses.
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Anal skin tags: Small, benign growths of skin around the anus that can cause irritation or hygiene concerns.
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Colon and rectal cancer: Cancers that develop in the colon, rectum, or anus, involving the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in these areas and requiring specialized treatment and management.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis affect the digestive system and require ongoing care from specialists equipped to manage these diseases through both surgical and non-surgical treatments.
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Diverticular disease: The formation of small pouches (diverticula) in the colon, which can become inflamed and cause pain or other complications.
While proctologists focus on diagnosing and treating diseases of the lower digestive tract, gastroenterologists may manage conditions affecting the entire gastrointestinal tract, such as irritable bowel syndrome.
Diagnostic Procedures and Tests Used by Proctologists
When it comes to diagnosing conditions affecting the colon, rectum, and anus, proctologists—also known as colorectal surgeons—rely on a variety of advanced diagnostic procedures. These tests are essential for identifying issues such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer, rectal prolapse, and other colorectal conditions, ensuring that patients receive the most effective and timely treatment.
Some of the most common diagnostic procedures include:
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Colonoscopy: This procedure allows colorectal surgeons to visually examine the entire colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera. It’s a key tool for detecting colorectal cancer, polyps, and signs of inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, this test focuses on the rectum and sigmoid colon, helping to identify abnormalities in the lower part of the digestive tract.
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Digital Rectal Exams (DRE): During a DRE, the proctologist manually examines the rectum to check for abnormal growths, lumps, or other changes in the colon, rectum, and anus.
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Anorectal Manometry: This test measures how well the muscles in the rectum and anus are functioning, which is especially useful for evaluating bowel movement disorders and functional bowel disorders.
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Endoscopic Ultrasound: By using sound waves to create detailed images of the digestive tract, this procedure helps in assessing the depth of tumors and other abnormalities in the colon rectum and anus.
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Biopsy: If abnormal tissue is found, a small sample may be taken for further examination to diagnose conditions like colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease IBD.
These diagnostic procedures enable proctologists to accurately diagnose a wide range of conditions affecting the colon, rectum, and anus. With precise information from these tests, your colorectal specialist can develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to your unique needs.
How to Know You Need to Schedule an Appointment with a Proctologist
If you’re experiencing symptoms related to your colon, rectum, or anus, it’s important not to ignore them. Early evaluation by a proctologist can make a significant difference in diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract. Here are some signs that it’s time to schedule an appointment:
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Rectal bleeding or blood in your stool
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Noticeable changes in your bowel movements, such as persistent constipation or diarrhea
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Abdominal pain or discomfort that doesn’t resolve
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Pain or discomfort during bowel movements
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Itching, irritation, or swelling around the anus
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Unexplained weight loss
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A family history of colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease
If you notice any of these symptoms, start by consulting your primary care physician. They can assess your symptoms and refer you to a proctologist for further evaluation and specialized care. Proctologists are experts in diagnosing and treating conditions like colorectal cancer, rectal prolapse, and inflammatory bowel diseases, ensuring you receive the right care for your gastrointestinal tract.
Finding a Qualified Proctologist
Choosing the right proctologist is an important step in managing your colorectal health. Here are some key factors to consider when searching for a qualified specialist:
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Board Certification: Look for a proctologist who is certified by the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery (ABCRS), ensuring they have specialized training in colon and rectal surgery.
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Experience: Seek out a colorectal surgeon with extensive experience in diagnosing and treating a wide range of colorectal conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer.
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Hospital Affiliation: Consider whether the proctologist has privileges at a reputable hospital, which can be important if you require minimally invasive surgery or other surgical interventions.
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Insurance Coverage: Make sure the proctologist is part of your insurance network to help manage costs.
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Patient Reviews and Referrals: Research online reviews and ask your primary care physician, friends, or family for recommendations.
A qualified proctologist will take the time to review your medical history, discuss your symptoms, and interpret diagnostic test results to create a personalized treatment plan. Whether you need rectal surgery, ongoing management of inflammatory bowel diseases, or advice on preventive care, finding the right specialist ensures you receive the highest standard of care for your colon and rectal health.
How to Know You Need to Schedule an Appointment with A Protocologist
Various signs and symptoms may indicate the need to visit a proctologist for evaluation and treatment. These may include:
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Persistent or recurrent rectal bleeding
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Unexplained changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea
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Persistent pain or discomfort in the anus or rectum
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Swelling, itching, or irritation around the anus
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Difficulty with bowel movements or a feeling of incomplete evacuation
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Unexplained weight loss
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Abdominal pain
These symptoms may indicate an underlying condition that requires medical attention. If you experience these, don’t wait to schedule your appointment with a trusted rectal surgeon like us at AL Colon & Rectal. Your primary care physician, or another primary care provider such as a nurse practitioner or physician assistant, can also refer you to a proctologist for further evaluation and treatment.
Common Treatments & Procedures Performed by Proctologists
Proctologists perform common procedures to address colorectal conditions. Colorectal surgeons specializing in rectal surgery possess the expertise to diagnose and treat various rectum and gastrointestinal tract conditions. Surgical treatment is often required for more severe or complex cases. Some of these standard procedures include:
Hemorrhoid treatment:
This may involve non-surgical options like rubber band ligation or more advanced treatments like hemorrhoidectomy.
Anal fissure treatment:
Treatments may include topical creams, Botox injections, or surgical procedures to relax the anal sphincter muscle.
Fistula repair:
Proctologists can surgically close or reroute fistulas to prevent ongoing infections and complications.
Colorectal cancer treatment:
Proctologists work closely with patients to provide comprehensive care, including surgical interventions, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Management of inflammatory bowel diseases:
Proctologists develop and implement effective treatment plans for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
What to Expect During a Visit to a Proctologist
During your initial visit to a colorectal surgeon, you can expect a comprehensive evaluation that includes a physical exam as part of the assessment of your condition. This may include a physical examination, diagnostic tests (such as colonoscopy or anorectal manometry), and a discussion of your medical history and current symptoms. The proctologist will work with you to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses your specific needs and concerns.
Frequently Asked Questions About Proctology
1. What Is The Difference Between A Proctologist & A Gastroenterologist?
Proctologists and gastroenterologists are both medical professionals who specialize in the digestive system, but they have distinct areas of focus. Proctologists specifically concentrate on the rectum, anus, and lower gastrointestinal tract, while gastroenterologists have a broader focus on the entire digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.
2. Do I Need A Referral To See A Proctologist?
The need for a referral to a proctologist may vary depending on your healthcare plan and insurance coverage. It’s best to check with your insurance provider or primary care physician to determine if you need a referral.
3. How Often Should I See A Proctologist?
The frequency of visits to a proctologist can vary depending on your individual health needs and any existing conditions. Generally, we recommend having a routine screening colonoscopy every 10 years starting at age 45 (or earlier if you have a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors).
Additionally, if you are experiencing any symptoms or have been diagnosed with a condition that requires ongoing management, your proctologist will guide you on the appropriate frequency of visits.
Secure Your Appointment for Specialized Care: Meet Our Colorectal Surgeons at the Alabama Colon & Rectal Institute, Birmingham, AL
At the Alabama Colon & Rectal Institute, Birmingham, AL, we provide practical and personalized treatments for various colon and rectal conditions. Whether you need a colonoscopy, minimally invasive surgery, or treatment for colorectal cancer, our expert proctologists deliver comprehensive care in a private, safe, and comfortable environment.
To schedule a consultation and explore the best treatment options, you can contact us online or by calling (205) 458-5000.